When I was in my late 20's, I inherited my ex-wife's cat. It had its front claws removed, but still had the back ones. I didn't really like cats, but did not have the heart to get rid of it, and we eventually made peace and became friends. She used to bring me 'gifts' of dismembered birds she caught, so I know she was able to deal with not having front claws, and she still had back ones.
When I met my current wife, years later, I still had the cat, which was quite elderly at that point. My wife had two cats that were not declawed. They had completely wrecked her upholstered furniture, there was nearly nothing left of the chairs she owned. My wife's cats immediately began tearing my cat to ribbons, and we decided to have her cats declawed as well, so they would at least be on an equal footing.
Since that time, my cat passed from old age, and we added another cat, so we're back to three (and two dogs). The new cat was likewise declawed in front (all of them still have their back claws). Since it's been a progression starting with my cat, which came to me already declawed, the decision has been fairly simple to make.
I do not know what we'd do if we were starting with a cat where we had not owned any before. I'm fairly confident that my wife would not want to declaw the cat, whereas I do not want very expensive furniture shredded. Not sure how that argument would end.
For the record, I would not dock a dog's ears or tail. I don't care if that's the breed standard or not, the ears and tail stay as they were. On the other hand, one of our dogs was born with double dew-claws, and the vet strongly suggested that we have them removed as a safety precaution for the dog.
And if I had a son (I have no children), there would be no circumcision, and I don't care if I have to gnaw off the umbilical cord myself to keep the state from getting involved in that nasty little state-sponsored act of terror. Front claws on cats? I'm a little easier with that, having seen the results both with and without.