Hi ATC,
I'm going to try to add my understanding of this from watching from the outside, as well as my understanding of martial arts in general.
(Aren't they all...) mixed in some way?
No. Nor is MMA, to be completely practical about it.
Why is MMA considered an art.
For the same reason boxing can be, really.
I thought it was just taking multiple art styles and mixing them.
No it isn't, mainly because if that is all you do, it doesn't work.
In some way aren't all arts mixed?
Not at all. How much striking do you think Kyudo has? Again, though, I would say that there is no such thing as a true "mixed" martial art (a martial art created by simply combining multiple martial arts) as it simply would not work. Yes, I'm being very categorical about that, but then again every single example I have seen of every genuine martial art, classical, modern, sporting, battlefield, or any other, supports that idea.
DonÂ’t they all have some striking and grappling?
Oh, gods, no! Not at all! You're really only looking at a tiny piece of the entire breadth and depth of what the term "martial arts" can entail if you think that, to be honest.
So how did MMA become an art unto itself?
We'll come back to this, you still have a few more questions to deal with first....
If I take Karate and mix it with Jujitsu is that not just Karate and Jujitsu?
Well, yes. Or no. Or maybe. Or sometimes. Again, I'll deal with this in a little bit, and the whole reason as to why a truly mixed martial art cannot work in that way.
Why call this MMA? why not call this I have studied Karate and Jujitsu?
Okay, we're just repeating questions in different ways here, I'll get to it soon, promise!
Then when pitted with a situation you recall from your training the best technique from either art to use at that time.
Because that is not the way it works.
If MMA is to be considered its own art then anyone that studied multiple arts should just say I am an MMA practitioner.
Er, no. MMA is really it's own distinct animal. We're getting to it!
How did a generic term use to convey that multiple art practitioners become the defacto art.
Right, now we're getting to it!
If I see someone kick someone in the head I say “Wow, looks like he knows some karate or TKD”. Not he is doing MMA. If I see someone leg lock or arm bar someone, I say “That guy know BJJ”, not that he knows MMA.
Influences and sources for technical approaches, in fact, even techniques themselves, have little to nothing to do with what makes something a distinct and seperate martial art. Really, we're getting to it...
Now there are some schools that do call themselves MMA but clearly say we teach TKD, Boxing, Judo, and BJJ, or some other arts, and they have instructors that are disciplined in one of each said arts.
Yeah, I wouldn't call that MMA. I'd call it cashing in on a popular term.
But then there are schools that call themselves MMA schools and have no such single art masters that understands or teaches any one art. And it is these schools that have their students go out to other schools to learn kicking or to learn BJJ, or Boxing and so on. Not that they tell the student to do this but I have seen the students seek this on their own to get a better sense of that aspect of the game.
So they give a bit of a taste, but nothing of real quality. If you want to workout, go for it, but if you want to develop skill, go elsewhere? Hmm.
Now if MMA is an art unto itself then wouldn't be enough to just learn the MMA style? You should not need to now BJJ, or Karate, or Judo. You should truly only need MMA.
Yep.
MMA to me is a bucket that you put other arts into vs. the art itself. They even list the arts that each fighter knows and what belt rank he has in each on during the events. Not that this guy is a MMA belt holder.
Ah, this is getting into MMA competition versus MMA training.
So is MMA an art or just a title to convey that someone has knowledge of multiple TMA (that includes CMA and all other *MA)?
I would say no. I, for example, have been told that I have a fair amount of knowledge of many forms of martial arts (from both emic and etic training and research), but I am not in any way, shape, or form an MMA practitioner. For the record, my emic (inside) research and training includes my primary, chosen art of Ninjutsu, itelf made up of multiple classical Japanese traditions, Tae Kwon Do, Aikido, a modern Karate (Tani-ha Shito Ryu Shukokai), BJJ, boxing, a form of Koryu Kenjutsu, Seitei Jo, and more. My etic (outside) research includes many forms of very traditional Japanese systems (Koryu), such as Asayama Ichiden Ryu, Katori Shinto Ryu, Shindo Muso Ryu, Bokuden Ryu, and many many more, Wing Chun, Muay Thai, Hung Gar, Taiji, Xingi, many forms of karate, Judo, Krav Maga, and much much more. I have also had a fair degree of experience in a number of different RBSD systems, such as Deane Lawler's R-SULT system, Close Quarter Combatives (a military based system), ISR-Matrix, and more. And none of the above makes me an MMA practitioner.
Thoughts?
Okay, we'll deal with the aspects I said I'd come back to now.
While acknowledging that the MMA is not only the UFC, in fact that the UFC is only a promotion company for MMA competition (a fact that occasionally escapes some people, it seems....), the history of the term is linked quite closely to the original UFC Pay-Per-View events.
The original UFC was billed as a true "Mixed Martial Arts Competition", but it's important to realise that this did not mean that it was a competion between MMA practitioners, it was instead a competition between various (mixed) individual martial disciplines (it may also be valid to realise that the reason it was named the Ultimate Fighting Championship was simply so that the Gracies, when they won, could refer to their art as the "ultimate", and Royce as the "ultimate fighter". After all, the company was owned by the Gracies in the first place, the fighters were picked by the Gracies, the Gracies had just opened their first school in Hollywood, and wanted the publicity to help their school. Very good plan, I feel, and it certainly worked for them!).
So to begin with, the term Mixed Martial Art refered to a form of competition between various "pure" martial traditions. However, the most obvious responce to a single competitior winning from other disciplines is that it isn't the art that won, but the person, so they came out to show that their training could be as good, if not better than the Gracies. Almost immediately, strikers were having troubles against the grappling-trained fighters, for multiple reasons (including a lack of understanding of the environment, and the floor surface favouring the grapplers by being soft enough to encourage ground work, and being too soft for the strikers to generate the speed and power they normally would), so a number of them started to train in some elementary wrestling or ground-based grappling, initially with the idea that they would use it to "stop" the grappler, and employ their striking to finish. I remember an article in the early 90's of a guy saying he was going to bring honour and respect back to TKD in the Octogon by entering the next UFC event, and showing how TKD doesn't need anything else to be dominant.... and to prepare to show how TKD didn't need anything else but TKD training, he was cross-training with a grappling coach!
As this continued, the striking competitors got better at handling the "shoot" of the grapplers, and were landing more strikes.... so the grapplers started training more striking so they could handle the strikes, and get in a few of their own. This inevitable "arms race" lead to a far more even training regime for MMA practitioners, with certain persons developing a preference for one of another range, but the training became more and more similar, taking on it's own approach, and becoming MMA as a seperate discipline.
Now, before we get to "if I train karate and jujutsu, is that MMA, or is it just karate and jujutsu?", it may help to understand exactly what a martial art really is, and how it works, as well as how the training really works. This should hopefully explain why MMA is not a cobbling together of disparate sources (and why that wouldn't work), and in fact why cross training really isn't the answer, at least not at the beginning of training.
A martial art, it must be understood first, is not it's techniques. Many people have a tendancy to look at the outward expression of a martial art, and think that they are seeing what it actually is, but that is really not the case. A martial art, whether modern, traditional, classical, eclectic, sporting, battlefield, or any other classification, is most accurately described as a philosophy expressed through combative exercises and techniques, and in the case of sporting systems, through competition.
This philosophy can be spiritual (Aikido), political (Tenshinsho Den Katori Shinto Ryu), personal (Judo), cultural (BJJ), or physical (MMA). The important thing to realise is that this philosophy must be intact for there to be any real strength, as this philosophy is where the art draws all it's attributes from (power source, movement, ranges, physical aspects, and far more). By trying to have multiple differing philosophies you are simply creating internal conflict and confusion, leading to ineffective applications of techniques (by using an inappropriate power source or movement for the technique of another system, or worse, by attempting to switch between power sources and movement systems!). I'll explain further....
When you train, you are ingraining the methods of a particular art (it's expression of it's philosophy) as an unconcious responce. And the thing about the unconscious is that it will always choose the best of any options presented to it. So if you give it multiple options (multiple power sources etc), all you are doing is giving it more options to get in the way.
Here's the other thing, though. Under a stress and highly adrenalised situation, your conscious mind will shut down (meaning that when someone starts talking about "in a real situation you can switch from rule-set to no rules" don't really get how it works, as that is a conscious decision-making process, and that option is removed from you under a highly adrenalised situation). This means what comes out is whatever the unconscious mind believes is powerful. Hopefully that is what you have trained in the most, but not always. And by adding conflicting concepts of what is powerful (different power sources, movement systems, philosophies etc) you are really just muddying up the waters. For this reason MMA has to be it's own distint system for it to be successful. Cross training only really works when there is a real base in one system, and the new envirnonment/knowledge gained from your cross-training in a different system is integrated back into your original system.
In other words, if you have trained for 15 years in Karate, and then start cross-training in a form of jujutsu to improve your grappling skills, stand-up and ground-based, it will be integrated into the power source and movement of your Karate, or it frankly won't really work. And in that regard, what you do will remain karate with added knowledge of grappling taken from your jujutsu training. If you are training both from the beginning, hoping to become an MMA fighter, you will need to overcome the differences, which will happen. For some reason or another (whether it is previous experience, movies, or simply that one gets "demonstrated" before the other to you as a powerful option, such as getting tapped out in BJJ straight away, but taking a while before anyone can tag you in karate, or being able to hit and kick powerfully quickly, while not being able to tap anyone in BJJ) your unconscious will form a belief as to one or the other being more powerful. And that will simply make it longer and harder for you to gain skill in the other.
So to really gain ability that you can use to generate success in any art, you need to train in that art. And MMA is it's own art, following it's own philosophy and power source, with it's technical approach taken from a variety of sources, but applied within the philosophical boundaries of MMA. And remember, MMA's philosophy is physical. It is concerned with what gains success within MMA competition (and before anyone jumps up and down, yes the training can be helpful and useful in self defence, and myriad other uses, but that is not it's primary objective. It may be the primary objective of someone training in it, but that is not the same as it being the approach of the system itself). If it doesn't gain success in competition (the testing and proving ground of MMA), it won't pass the philosophy, and won't become a part of the system. Where the particular technique comes from doesn't really matter, because as I said, that is the least of any aspect of any martial art. What matters is that it can be integrated without internal conflict into the established power source etc of the established system, in this case, MMA.
Did any of that make sense?