Better late than never.
Punching is the least understood, least practiced, and often times the worst technique in a MAist's arsenal...
I remember being in a TKD school, watching their 5th and 6th dans throwing punches that would have allowed their wrists to buckle and break had they impacted on anything more solid than a pillow... Sad sight, I must say.
First, the punching skills of boxing should not be under or over estimated. They do what they do. It is not the punch alone, but the application of it by a skilled boxer that allows the punch to be so effective. It is really no different in MA. But it must be kept in mind that their are several issues that cause the two training areas to be significantly different.
Boxing punches are trained with wrapped hands/wrists and while wearing gloves. The wrapping of the hand and wrist eliminates the need for the student to develop the proper wrist strength and alignment that will allow his punch to be strong without the wrap. Didn't Mike Tyson injure his hand in a street fight while he was still an unconvicted non-felon? Why? Because he has never had to learn to hold his fist in the correct position - it was held there with canvas wraps. The gloves also figure into the equation of an effective unprotected punch. The point of contact of the glove can be anywhere from 1/2 inch to 2 inches from the actual fist. This destroys the understanding of distance in the technique, and may well cause punches to miss (and the arm to be hyperextended) altogether, or they will be buried too deeply eliminating the "shock" effect of MA punches when they penetrate just below the surface of the target.
As for conditioning, the use of the makiwara is, as RyuShiKan has commented upthread, for developing strength, focus, etc. The folks that tell you to smack the post until the bones show are only displaying their very superficial understanding of martial conditioning.
In Yiliquan, we use both the makiwara and sandbags (as referred to by KennethKu). The makiwara is used first by pressing the fist against it, bending the makiwara post back. When this becomes more comfortable, light strikes are applied. The straw does not act as a "shock absorber," but as a slightly abrasive surface that will absorb moisture, blood, etc., while retaining its resilience over time. There is no need for "shock absorbtion," as the techniques are not applied at full strength until the hand has received a degree of conditioning to allow the knuckles to escape relatively unscathed. Over time, the light strikes become harder strikes, until one day the student is plowing through the post as if it weren't there.
The sandbag may be filled with different materials to provide different effects. In Iron Palm training, first grain, then sand, then steel shot is used to gradually build the hand's conditioning level.
However, the type of "strength" of technique that is developed from bag striking and post striking are very different, and neither should be neglected. If one form of training is more beneficial, I would have to say that the makiwara is more valuable for its whole body development (that bag striking typically does not convey).
Just my 2 yen.
Gambarimasu.
:asian: