Leaving the political stuff out....my thoughts.
It's all of the above.
For the women (and men, because men are raped too.) to avoid being a victim:
1 - Environmental Awareness. Be aware of your surroundings at all times. Before getting into your car, check the back seat. Have your house keys ready when exiting. Don't park in areas that are going to be dark. And so forth.
2 - Learn a solid self-defence art. Not a sport art. Winning trophies or a sport fight isn't the same as learning how to escape grabs, reverse locks, and inflict debilitating pain. Anything that assumes that attackers line up and take turns is out.
3 - Where practical, go out armed. Knife, Gun, Pepper Spray, pocket stick, audio alarms, stun gun, etc. My keys are a weapon, one that gets past TSA screeners. Rings can be dangerous. Etc.
4 - Be aware of where the "Bad" parts of town are, and avoid them. (See #1)
5 - Lock all doors and windows at night. (See #1)
6 - Don't be a "Tease". It's fine to change your mind or get cold feet. It's not fine to deliberately lead someone on, work them up, then put the breaks on just to watch them squirm.
7 - Use common sense and do your best to avoid putting yourself in vulnerable situations, to be able to defend yourself against attacks, and escape when possible.
8 - Where laws or other regulations put you at a disadvantage, look for legal ways to even the odds. (See #3)
For the men (and women, because women rape too) to avoid being the attacker:
- No means No. Period. "She teased me. I had a right to get off.", No, you had a right to respect the "No" and go spank it when you got home.
- Learn Respect. Respect for others. Respect for yourself.
- "She was asking for it". No, she wasn't. Even if she was, that is still no excuse.
You'll notice, I don't list "Dont dress provocatively" as an option. That's because, no matter what the person is wearing, or not wearing, it's not an invitation. Assless chaps, a half shirt and porn-star makeup isn't a request to be dragged behind a dumpster, beaten and violated. If you think it is, you need therapy.
For the Cops, DA's and Courts:
1 - Stop blaming the victim. A crime was commited. A person was assaulted. They were bodily violated. Have the decency to treat them with respect. I don't care if the person is a 2 bit prostitute who trades BJ's for beer money. It's still a crime. It's still assault. If you can't grasp that, you need to change careers and let someone with human decency take your place.
2 - Treat each case as serious.
3 - Do proper evidence collection, storage and information recording.
4 - Did I mention, treat the victim with respect and act professionally? Comments like "I'd **** you too", or "You shouldn't have been advertising like that" are not professional, and signs that you're not fit for the job. Your job isn't to judge the victims attire, physical attributes or choice of career. It's to deal with a sexual assault crime.
5 - Decriminalize Prostitution. Rape shouldn't be an occupational hazard.
My thoughts on the matter.