To legally carry a firearm concealed in most states require a permit. A few states don't even require a permit (if open carry).
The reason why the qualification process could be considered a "joke" is because the standards to be an instructor vary. There is a minimum, which isn't much. The hard part usually is to find a very good instructor that will teach much more beyond the bare minimum. Word of mouth and an interview with the instructor of their curriculum generally is the way to go in finding a good one.
When I went to obtain my concealed permit the first time, my instructors were a man/woman team. They did ok, but their explanation of deadly force, state codes, and hands on practice (only 20 rounds) were superficial. I wasn't satisfied even though I passed.
A few months later, I sought an instructor who was an active police lieutenant. I wasn't disappointed since he took a lot of time going over the material and state laws. He also made sure we understood exactly what to expect, before, during, and after. As a result, 1/3 to 1/2 of the class members backed out, not willing to accept the responsibility of carrying. We learned how to draw, types of stances/positions, and to shoot. He also made us go though hundreds of rounds, both from a standing/kneeling and moving positions. He also corrected us with how we hold/use guns and choices of guns (in my case, I brought a ruger, which apparently was too big for my hands. He gave me his service gun to qualify with. He then had me try several handguns until I found one that really worked better with my small hands and felt comfortable.
In my state, because of having a concealed carry permit, there is no wait time in purchasing firearms. Without a permit, the wait time can be up to 3 days. Some places will process faster.
Transportation laws with firearms vary between states, and even between counties/cities. It is advisable to become acquainted with city, state, and federal laws.
As had been mentioned, packing.org is an excellent website, giving state by state requirements/laws and latest gun/knife news.
- Ceicei