Thought this was important enough to repost here:
http://rvss.org/friends_family.htm
WHAT CAN I DO TO HELP?
Even thought the event is now over, your loved one may be experiencing some strong emotional and physical reactions. It is very common for a survivor of sexual assault to experience emotional "aftershocks." Sometimes the emotional aftershocks appear immediately after the assault. Sometimes they may appear a few hours or a few days later. In some cases, a rape survivor may not experience aftershocks until weeks or months have passed.
The signs and symptoms of these aftershocks may last a few days, a few weeks, or a few months and occasionally longer. Each survivor's journey to healing is different.
HEALING, WHAT TO EXPECT
People who have been sexually assaulted have differing ways of coping, and they heal in different ways. There are three predictable phases of emotional responses to sexual assault and healing. The behaviors and extent of these phases differ for each victim. If these phases do not exactly describe the response of the person you are trying to support, it does not mean they were not a victim of a sexual assault; they may simply have a unique set of responses. Learning all you can about sexual assault increases your ability to help a victim work through these feelings.
Acute Reaction
This phase can last from days to weeks and may include feelings of embarrassment, shock, fear, anger, anxiety or a sense of being out of control. These feelings may be expressed by crying, screaming or appearing to be in total control.
Outward Adjustment
This phase can last from several weeks to years and may be characterized by an appearance of things returning to normal in the victim's life. It may include changes such as moving, taking a new job or making new career/relationship choices. There may also be an attempt to deny or repress the assault or to rationalize what happened. The victim appears to be "doing okay."
Resolution
At some point the victim may begin to experience the feelings she had immediately following the assault. These may be accompanied by flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia and marital or drug/alcohol-related problems. The victim may reach out for assistance an d support from crisis centers and other agencies, friends, relatives or ministers.
COMMON RESPONSES TO SEXUAL ASSAULT
Survivors are not always able or willing to share their reactions with others. Below is a list of some reactions that survivors may experience. Reading this list may help you better understand what your loved one is going through.
GUILT
I feel as if I did something to make this happen
If only I had been more careful.
What did I do to have this happen?
POWERLESSNESS
Who can I trust?
My life has fallen apart.
I can't seem to get a grip on things anymore.
EMOTIONAL SHOCK
I feel so numb
Why am I so calm?
Why can't I cry?
DISORIENTATION
Everything seems so weird.
The world is turned upside-down.
I can't pay attention to what I'm doing.
DISBELIEF
What has happened to me?
How could he have done this to me?
Did this really happen? Was I raped?
RETRIGGERING
I have terrible nightmares.
I feel that same terror again!
I keep flashing back to the scene.
EMBARRASSMENT
People think that I'm a slut.
I can't talk to the police about this.
I don't want anyone to find out what happened.
DENIAL
It was just a rape. I wasn't hurt.
Why am I such a mess?
This shouldn't bother me...
SHAME
I feel so dirty
I'm ashamed to have anyone touch me.
I look so stupid
FEAR
I can't stand to be alone.
I hate the dark now. I am terrified.
I feel ridiculously paranoid.
DEPRESSION
I don't feel like getting out of bed.
I just don't want to see anyone.
Sometimes I want to die.
ANXIETY
I can't eat. I can't sleep.
My heart just starts pounding.
I am restless. I can't sit still.
ANGER
I hate that bastard. I could kill him.
I could smash something to pieces.
Why me? I hate this world.
DESPAIR
I'll never feel normal again.
This event has traumatized me forever.
This pain is overwhelming.
SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION
Many times well-intending people do not have a good understanding of sexual assault and the trauma associated with it. In order to avoid re-victimizing the victim, we have provided you with two common examples of how easily a misunderstanding can occur:
Blaming the Victim
May times we focus on the behavior of the victim. We forget that the victim's dress, location, time of day of the assault or alcohol consumed... did NOT cause the rape.
Disbelief/Denial
Often people, even professionals, will minimize the significance of the assault. Some may not even believe the victim's story. But the percentage of false reports of sexual assault are the same as those of any other crime (less than three percent.)
HOW TO HELP
- Listen Carefully. Spend time with the survivor. Offer your assistance and a listening ear. Listen but do not pry.
- Reassure the survivor that s/he is safe.
- Help the survivor with everyday tasks like cooking and cleaning.
- Give the survivor some private time.
- Don't take anger or other feelings personally.
- Don't tell the survivor that s/he is "lucky it wasn't worse." Most survivors are not consoled by such statements. Instead, say that you are sorry such an event has occurred and you want to understand.
- Say "It's not your fault." Say it again.
- Do not press the survivor to report the crime. This decision should be made by the survivor alone.
- Avoid trying to "fix" anything. If you can simply hear and let the survivor know that you care, you will have been profoundly helpful.
TAKING CARE OF YOURSELF
The healing process can be very intense, with emotions running from one extreme to another. Keeping your perspective will require that you take care of yourself. The following suggestions will allow you to stay as healthy as possible in your support role.
- You also need time to work through the feelings of anger, grief, and helplessness.
- Recognize that you cannot be responsible for the victim's healing process.
- Humor can be an important aspect of healing for both you and the victim. Laughter reduces tension and pain.
- Check to see if the crisis center in your area has a support group for family, friends and significant others. They will be able to help you better understand what you are going through and suggest ways for you to help the victim.
- Set boundaries - for yourself and in your interaction with the victim. Saying "no" is okay. Setting limits is a loving thing to do.
- Just as the assault was not the victim's fault, neither is it yours. The offender is the person to blame