the multilanguage MA-terms table

[MAfreak]

from a research years ago i have notices with terms for kicks and punches in english (like in kickboxing), japanese (like in karate) and korean (like in taekwondo).
since it could be interesting or useful for others, i'd like to start a thread with what i wrote down.
if you can, please copy it and add missing terms, so that at the end of the topic theres always an updated table. chinese and thai terms would also be interesting.

kicks
english | japanese | korean
front kick | mae geri | ap chagi
side kick | yoko geri | yop chagi
back kick | ushiro geri | dwit chagi
round kick | mawashi geri | dollyo chagi
hook kick | ura mawashi geri | pandae dollyo chagi
axe kick | kakato geri | naeryo chagi
crescent kick | mikazuki geri | an chagi

punches
english | japanese | korean
jab | kizami zuki | ?
cross | gyaku zuki | ?
hook | kagi zuki | ?
swinger | mawashi zuki | ?
uppercut | ura zuki | ?
backfist | uraken uchi | ?
hammerfist | tettsui uchi | ?

 

[Xue Sheng]

Some of these may not be correct


kicks
english | japanese | korean | Mandarin Chinese
front kick | mae geri | ap chagi | Qián tī
side kick | yoko geri | yop chagi | Cè tī
back kick | ushiro geri | dwit chagi | Hòu tī
round kick | mawashi geri | dollyo chagi | Huíxuán tī
hook kick | ura mawashi geri | pandae dollyo chagi | Gōu tī
axe kick | kakato geri | naeryo chagi | Fǔtóu tī
crescent kick | mikazuki geri | an chagi | Yuèyá tī

punches
english | japanese | korean | Mandarin Chinese
jab | kizami zuki | ? | ? quán
cross | gyaku zuki | ? | ? quán
hook | kagi zuki | ? | Gōu quán dǎ
swinger | mawashi zuki | ? | ? quán
uppercut | ura zuki | ? | ? quán
backfist | uraken uchi | ? | Bèi quán
hammerfist | tettsui uchi | ? | Chuí quán

 

[oaktree]

Are you sure A hook kick is called gou ti and not gou pi

Also make sure your don't put just geri it may mean diarrhea
Ok enough of my jokes....

 

[WaterGal]

For the Korean, hook kick is huryo chagi, and crescent is bandal chagi. I'm not sure what a swinger punch is, but I've filled in the other punches. Edit: oh, and there are some different names for different sub-types of punches, like ap chigi is a backfist forward to the face, while bakkat chigi is a lateral backfist to the temple.

kicks
english | japanese | korean | Mandarin Chinese
front kick | mae geri | ap chagi | Qián tī
side kick | yoko geri | yop chagi | Cè tī
back kick | ushiro geri | dwit chagi | Hòu tī
round kick | mawashi geri | dollyo chagi | Huíxuán tī
hook kick | ura mawashi geri | huryo chagi | Gōu tī
axe kick | kakato geri | naeryo chagi | Fǔtóu tī
crescent kick | mikazuki geri | bandal chagi | Yuèyá tī

punches
english | japanese | korean | Mandarin Chinese
jab | kizami zuki | bandae jireugi | ? quán
cross | gyaku zuki | baro jireugi | ? quán
hook | kagi zuki | dollyo jireugi | Gōu quán dǎ
swinger | mawashi zuki | ? | ? quán
uppercut | ura zuki | chi jireugi | ? quán
backfist | uraken uchi | deungjumeok | Bèi quán
hammerfist | tettsui uchi | maejumeok | Chuí quán

 

[Dirty Dog]

For the Korean, hook kick is huryo chagi, and crescent is bandal chagi. I'm not sure what a swinger punch is, but I've filled in the other punches. Edit: oh, and there are some different names for different sub-types of punches, like ap chigi is a backfist forward to the face, while bakkat chigi is a lateral backfist to the temple.

Ap chigi just means "front punch" and is a reasonable term for a jab. Barojireugi could also be used. Bandae jireugi means "reverse punch", which in Korea means a punch with the leading hand, (thus, a jab, basically) but in most of the world it is used to mean a punch from the rear hand. Bakkat chigi means "outward punch", and really needs a modifier such as mejumeok or deungjumeok. If you're specifying a backfist to the face, it would probably be olgul (high section or face) deungjumeok chigi.
A hook kick can also be called dwit dollyo chagi or "reverse roundhouse" in Korean.
Crescent kick is also pyojok chagi, with an pyoyok chagi being inside crescent and bakkat being outside.
There's also the straight leg or stretch kick; cho oi liki chagi (modified for front, side, or backward swings), and chakilo makki, which is a kick used as a block.
And of course, modifiers for skipping kicks (Goolo), jumping kicks (tdwiyo) and spinning (momdolyo), which leads us to things like tdwiyomomdoly dwit dollyo chagi for a jump spin hook kick.
As far as punches go, you're leaving out an awful lot of hand techniques...
The knifehand, (sohnal), modified with Je cho, Oh po and seewoo (palm up, down, or vertical) and further modified if it's a single knifehand with han. So han sohnnal momtong bakkat makki is a single knifehand outward middle section block (as in taegeuk sam jang), while sohnal momtong makki is a double middle knifehand block (as in taegeuk sah jang).
The ridgehand - sohnnal deung.
The palmheel - batangsohn.
The spearhand - pyonsonkoot, again modified with je cho, oh po, or seewoo, as well as modifiers such as kawi (two finger).
The hammerfist - meechomak.
Etc etc etc.

One of the things I've learned is that almost every technique in TKD has at least 17 names...

 

[Jaeimseu]

Ap chigi just means "front punch" and is a reasonable term for a jab. Barojireugi could also be used. Bandae jireugi means "reverse punch", which in Korea means a punch with the leading hand, (thus, a jab, basically) but in most of the world it is used to mean a punch from the rear hand. Bakkat chigi means "outward punch", and really needs a modifier such as mejumeok or deungjumeok. If you're specifying a backfist to the face, it would probably be olgul (high section or face) deungjumeok chigi.
A hook kick can also be called dwit dollyo chagi or "reverse roundhouse" in Korean.
Crescent kick is also pyojok chagi, with an pyoyok chagi being inside crescent and bakkat being outside.
There's also the straight leg or stretch kick; cho oi liki chagi (modified for front, side, or backward swings), and chakilo makki, which is a kick used as a block.
And of course, modifiers for skipping kicks (Goolo), jumping kicks (tdwiyo) and spinning (momdolyo), which leads us to things like tdwiyomomdoly dwit dollyo chagi for a jump spin hook kick.
As far as punches go, you're leaving out an awful lot of hand techniques...
The knifehand, (sohnal), modified with Je cho, Oh po and seewoo (palm up, down, or vertical) and further modified if it's a single knifehand with han. So han sohnnal momtong bakkat makki is a single knifehand outward middle section block (as in taegeuk sam jang), while sohnal momtong makki is a double middle knifehand block (as in taegeuk sah jang).
The ridgehand - sohnnal deung.
The palmheel - batangsohn.
The spearhand - pyonsonkoot, again modified with je cho, oh po, or seewoo, as well as modifiers such as kawi (two finger).
The hammerfist - meechomak.
Etc etc etc.

One of the things I've learned is that almost every technique in TKD has at least 17 names...

Very true...so many names.

These days we are commonly just using deungjumok for backfist, not including the direction. We call hook kick huryeo chagi or dwihuryeo chagi for the spinning one. A single hand knife hand block is hansonnal makki, while the double hand is just sonnal makki. We specify direction for momtong bakkat makki, but the we just use momtong makki instead of momtong an makki. We call the double roundhouse kick narae chagi, the tornado kick dolgae chagi or turning kick. The skipping round kick or fast kick is bbareunbal dollyo chagi.

These terms are not necessarily the official Kukkiwon terms, but they are the commonly used terms at our dojang in Seoul.


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[Gnarlie]

Too many terms for the same things to make this worthwhile. The terminology for ITF TKD is very different too.

A few notes:

Pyojeok means target, and has nothing to do with inward crescent kick unless the hand is kicked.

and

the term momdollyo hurigi is popular for reverse hook kick.

and

Godeureo is used to describe supported hand techniques.

Are you in Germany MAfreak?

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[MAfreak]

yes i am.
i know there are sometimes many terms, for example the hook kick aka heel kick aka whip kick, which has its spin version. then in japanese its not longer just called ura mawashi geri but ushiro ura mawashi geri, etc.
but i thought we could maybe collect the most common terms for interested people to search. for example pandae dollyo chagi videos might be more detailed then ura mawashi geri since tkd does a bit different then karate.

 

[Dirty Dog]

Very true...so many names.

These days we are commonly just using deungjumok for backfist, not including the direction. We call hook kick huryeo chagi or dwihuryeo chagi for the spinning one. A single hand knife hand block is hansonnal makki, while the double hand is just sonnal makki. We specify direction for momtong bakkat makki, but the we just use momtong makki instead of momtong an makki. We call the double roundhouse kick narae chagi, the tornado kick dolgae chagi or turning kick. The skipping round kick or fast kick is bbareunbal dollyo chagi.

I doubt any of us use the full and complete names very often. I know we do not.
Honestly, in class I'd likely say "outside middle block" in English, while demonstrating. We do use some Korean, but not to this degree. Because we're not in Korea...

Pyojeok means target, and has nothing to do with inward crescent kick unless the hand is kicked.

Mea Culpa. A crescent kick is bandal an chagi (inside) or bandal bakkat chagi (outside).

 

[Gnarlie]

yes i am.
i know there are sometimes many terms, for example the hook kick aka heel kick aka whip kick, which has its spin version. then in japanese its not longer just called ura mawashi geri but ushiro ura mawashi geri, etc.
but i thought we could maybe collect the most common terms for interested people to search. for example pandae dollyo chagi videos might be more detailed then ura mawashi geri since tkd does a bit different then karate.

It is also worth noting that the German language romanisations of Korean tend to be different from the English language romanisations. That is, the German romanisations are non-standard. Terms like Paltung, Pandae are Baldeung and Bandae using the standard. This is important when searching for things as it will get you more results. It also means even more alternatives for the list. This is why reading and understanding Hangul is a good idea. Then you only need the one.

I'm also in DE.

 

[WaterGal]

Ap chigi just means "front punch" and is a reasonable term for a jab.

For whatever it's worth, the official Kukkiwon definition of ap chigi is a forward backfist. Not sure about other styles/organizations - other groups might use it refer to "front strikes" more generally?

 

[Xue Sheng]

tae kwon leap.....| Korean ..........| Japanese ........| Mandarin Chinese
boot to the head | meolie buting | Tōbu e no būto | Kāijī tóu bù

 

[Gnarlie]

For whatever it's worth, the official Kukkiwon definition of ap chigi is a forward backfist. Not sure about other styles/organizations - other groups might use it refer to "front strikes" more generally?

Per the KKW textbook chigi means strike. Ap means front. Without the 'deungjumeok', you just have 'front strike', which could just as well be batangson ap chigi, mureup ap chigi, palkup ap chigi or a number of others.

A punch is 'jireugi', rather than chigi.

 

[Dirty Dog]

For whatever it's worth, the official Kukkiwon definition of ap chigi is a forward backfist. Not sure about other styles/organizations - other groups might use it refer to "front strikes" more generally?

Ap means front. Chigi means strike. And a "forward backfist" is something of an oxymoron. By it's very nature, a backfist strike cannot really be moving straight forward. It can be horizontal or vertical, but it cannot really be straight. Assuming a normal person throwing the punch, of course. That is why "front strike" would be an appropriate term for a jab. Obviously, there are other terms that could be equally well suited.

This is a clip from an instructional video produced by the KKW. It shows deungjumeok ap chigi, specifically the vertical (seewoo) version of the backfist. This technique is used in Palgwae yook jang (this one is specifically a high section backfist, so it is olgoolchigi), Taegeuk oh jang, and Taegeuk pal jang. Palgwae pal jang teaches deungjumeok bakkatchigi, the horizontal (strictly speaking "outward") backfist strike.

The Korean terms taught in TKD schools are often NOT actual translations of the Korean, or at best they are partial translations. For example, "jebipoom mokchigi" (swallow form neck strike) or teokchigi (chin strike) do not contain anything in the names that would indicate to the student that these techniques are strikes with the knifehand (sohnal) and palm heel (batangson) respectively. They are fine examples of what I said above, about the need to demonstrate while naming the technique, simply because the commonly used names do not always actually tell you what the technique is. Frankly, I'm not even sure how these two techniques came to be known as "swallow form."

 

[Gnarlie]

http://www.nature-education.org/cliff-swallow-shape.gif

It is reminiscent of the wings in the upper image.

 

[Dirty Dog]

http://www.nature-education.org/cliff-swallow-shape.gif

It is reminiscent of the wings in the upper image.

Yeah... I don't see it. Maybe you need to have a more artistic temperament than I do. There is a "wing spreading" posture in cheonkwon, which makes a bit more sense since the arms are outspread as they would be for flight. But one arm above the head and one in front? I'm no ornithologist, but I don't recall ever seeing a bird with their wings in such a position.

 

[Gnarlie]

Yeah... I don't see it. Maybe you need to have a more artistic temperament than I do. There is a "wing spreading" posture in cheonkwon, which makes a bit more sense since the arms are outspread as they would be for flight. But one arm above the head and one in front? I'm no ornithologist, but I don't recall ever seeing a bird with their wings in such a position.

How about now?

 

[Dirty Dog]

Nope. See, the bird has it's wings extended to the sides and back, like a modern swept wing fighter. If the bird put one wing in front of it's beak, and pointed the other at the ground, it would be cat food.

As I said, maybe if you have an artistic mind, you can see it, but I do not.

That doesn't stop me from executing the technique, however.

 

[WaterGal]

I've always been pretty ???? about that one, too, hahaha. I always figured the name was trying to convey something about the way your arms move smoothly in sync to do the two techniques together, rather than doing the block and then the neck strike. I don't know what that has to do with birds, but I figured that was something cultural that got lost in translation. And the Kukkiwon textbook is no help, it says something like "this technique is named for swallow wing shape" - gee, thanks.

 

[Gnarlie]

You have to look at the 2 dimensional shape, rather than 3 dimensional. On paper, the curve of the arms is similar to the curve of the wings. If you overlaid the picture of the bird onto the TKDin, maybe you would see it.

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