I think with everyone is missing is the reality of battle that exists in real time versus anticipated or choreographed scenarios. In reality there are time delays. If your instructor tells you what he is going to do there will be no time delay because you know what is happening and when it is happening. If you are told what will be happening but not when it will happen, that would be anticipated time that has a time delay of anywhere between .15 and .12 seconds. In real battle you have a reaction time Of .25 seconds. These times are based on visual reactions. For example if an instructor told you he was going to throw a right hook and you practiced to defend against it over and over to a High Point of proficiency, so the instructor says ready and rather than throw right hook that you are prepared for and you are anticipating. And instead the instructor through a kick to the balls. It would take that practiced Defender .25 seconds to process the new information i.e. He sees the foot weapon, the eyes send a message to The brain, the brain sends the Information to the nerves , Nerves then the nerves then send me information to the Muscles and this process would have taken .25 seconds before the body could possibly physically respond. Your next problem would be figuring out how to deal with leg weapon that comes as a surprise. If you are in a Real life situation with the actual consequences of battle, by the time though person who is anticipating the ride hook would have been already struck By the leg weapon. Let’s look at the application in real time. You have a student who come in For their first lesson and teach them a top of the foot shelf kick to the testicles. Even a novice could take a top of the foot strike to an object at groin height with very little training and strike an object like an open dresser drawer and strike it hard enough to break the top of his own foot. If you have an aggressor that is approaching you slowly, thinking of putting a hand on you While talking to you in an intimidating fashion. He will be surprised when you are standing in a neutral position without revealing your intention of kicking him in the groin. Let’s startle reaction Will take .25 seconds before he realizes the kick is on its way and he will have no time to physically respond before impact to his testicles. Now you can read this had to after hearing it, it would be easy to say “what I would do is Block the kick and counterstrike“. But that would be anticipated timing because you already know what is going to happen and will not be surprised by the leg movement giving you a reaction time that would be .12 seconds. The point is there is a difference between real time .25 seconds which represents actual battle, anticipated time .12 seconds which represents an armchair quarterback who tells you what he would have done after watching the play and saying what should have happened after already seeing it. That would be similar to seeing a Jack-in-the-Box for the first time and being startled, and then doing it a second time when you know what’s going to happen and expecting to have the same response as you did the first time. That isn’t going to happen because now it is anticipated. What people forget is that real battle only happens once in real time.If you study choreographed battle or anticipated battle you will not be prepared for the street. Having been A bouncer in the most violent clubs in New York for 23 years, and holding degree black belt as a kickboxer, And being a Chief instructor and dojo owner In the early 70s .Then becoming a Chief instructor And owner of a dojo And degree black belt in American Combat and Karate From 1975 to 1985. Then going from ACK with Richie Barathy to Tai-Zen under Howard Tague and becoming a dojo owner and Chief instructor attaining my fifth-degree black belt in that system in 1991.Then 20 years later starting my own system (American Nihon Jiu-Jitsu) in order to change with the times (there are cameras everywhere including peoples phones) you can successfully defend yourself legally with techniques that will work 100% of the time. It took me a half a century to figure this out, but can be taught effectively in just a few years. The average age of my students ranges from 25 to 65 and we have eliminated the bazaar spinning jumping flying useless techniques and gear strictly for reality. We emphasize students asking questions because as an instructor it’s our job to be able to prove what we say. For further information you can email me at . We do not teach anyone below the age of 18 and have separate classes for former practitioners, basic students, intermediate students, advanced students And a master class for high-level black belts. All classes are taught by Renshi Goldberg 5thdegree black belt or Kyoshi Talia 6° black belt and myself Grandmaster Willing 10th° black belt. We are located in Huntington New York. Feel free to ask any questions at the email listed above. Respectfully, Grandmaster Willing