First thoughts while reading through this thread:
"Does it take a death to learn what a life is worth?" ~ Jackson Browne "Missing Persons"
John 15:13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.
... (personal thoughts)
Insurance companies pay out on the size of the plan. I can buy $50 K or $1 million dollar insurance policy and pay the premiums and thus to the insurance company I'm worth the amount of the premiums I continue to pay out to them, to my family or beneficiaries I'm worth $50K or $1 million... (this providing the insurance company doesn't try to weasel out of paying by finding a loophole or discrepancy in the policy vs my cause of death

)
Some actors are insured for the stunts they do. Their lives are valued on the amount of income they can generate for the motion picture studio at that given time.
Some make their lives
immensely valuable by the last moment sacrifice they created, i.e. the passengers of Flight 93 who perished in Shanksville PA on 9/11 preventing an unknown greater number of casualties. Whereas just moments before the hijackers got up out of their seats to seize the plane the passengers who fought back were just everyday people.
A police officer who responds and possibly dies in the line of duty pursuing a suspect or responding to a call of whatever nature... their lives are of great value. The firefighters who perish in a fire while searching for more victims in a burning building... their lives have great value.
Yet, largely they were relative strangers to the ones they were trying to help.
A child has unfathomable value because of their unrealized potential. Another Einstein, Salk, Lincoln, et al.
If it is just my life I must defend then I will defend it zealously and fiercely, yet if it is the life of my friends or loved ones then I will defend theirs as equally or even more so than I would my own.
A value of a life is the size of the hole one leaves behind once they're gone, the size of the hole is relative to the value the collective or individual holds of the one who died. But again, look at the Jackson Browne quote above.