Answers?
Think of these references/resources I had listed as a motion picture or a book.
Think of me as a film or book critic.
Then, it is up to you, to either accept or reject my reflections.
Or,
more importantly, it is up to you, to look at the movie or book (those references/resources)
Again, I have to continue to reiterate;
Like anything, research goes a long way.
It would be up to the reader/researcher to accept (or reject) the data;
Stan Henning
Classical Fighting Arts 12 (#35),
The Imaginary World of Buddhism & East Asian Martial Arts
______________________________
Brian Kennedy and Elizabeth Guo
Chinese Martial Arts Training Manuals-A Historical Survey
__________________________________
J.D. Brown
In his book, “China-The 50 Most Memorable Trips”, good observation of Shaolin from the perspective of a non-biased, non-martial artist 1999-2000
__________________________________
Tang/Tung Hao;
China Review International: Vol. 6, No. 2, Fall 1999
University of Hawaii’s Press Academia Encounters the Chinese Martial Arts 1999
History of Physical Culture in China (1919)
Epitaph for Wang Zhengnan (ca. 1669),
Travels of Lao Ts’an (ca. 1907), Liu
Science and Civilisation in China ,Needham
1. Gu Shi ed.,
Hanshu yiwenzhi jiangshu (Annotated Han history bibliographies) (Shanghai: Shanghai Guji, 1987), p. 205.
2. Qi Jiguang ,
Jixiao xinshu (New book of effective discipline) (1561; ed. Ma Mingda , Beijing: Renmin Tiyu, 1988),
juanshou, p. 17,
juan 6, p. 90; Qi Jiguang,
Lianbing shiji (Actual record of military training) (1571; Zhang Haipeng,
Mohai jinhu , vol. 23 [Taibei: Wenyou, 1969],
juan 4, p. 13949).
3. Gu Shi,
Hanshu yiwenzhi, editor’s introduction, p. 1.
4. James R. Ware, trans. and ed.,
Alchemy, Medicine and Religion in the China of A.D. 320:The Nei P’ien of Ko Hung (Pao-p’u tzu) (New York: Dover Publications, 1981), pp. 18–19; Wang Ming,
Baopuzi neipian jiaoshi, (Interpretations of the Baopuzi inner chapters) (Beijing: Zhonghua, 1985), p. 377 Also, see Wang Saishi , “Gudai wushizhong di tou zhi” (Throwing and tossing among ancient martial activities),
Tiyu wenshi , no. 5 (1990): 59–61.
5. Herbert A. Giles, “The Home of
Jiujitsu,” in
Adversaria Sinica (Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh) 1, no. 5 (1906): 132–138.
6. Joseph Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956), p. 145.
7. Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 145–146; vol. 5, pt. 3 (1976), p. 209; vol. 5, pt. 5 (1983), pp. 169–170; vol. 5, pt. 6 (1994), pp. 28 n.
e, 87 n.
b.
8. Zhang Jue ,trans. and ed.,
Wu-Yue Chunqiu quanyi ______ (Complete translation of the Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue) (Guiyang: Guizhou Renmin Chubanshe, 1994), pp. 367–370.
9. Xu Fang __,
Du Fu shi jinyi (A modern translation of Du Fu’s poems) (Beijing: Renmin Ribao, 1985), pp. 392–399.
10. Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 2, pp. 145–146.
11. Michal B. Poliakoff,
Combat Sports in the Ancient World: Competition, Violence and Culture(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), pp. 54–63; Rachel S. Robinson,
Sources for theHistory of Greek Athletics in English Translation (Chicago: Ares Publishers, 1955), pp. 214–216; E. Norman Gardiner,
Athletics of the Ancient World (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964), pp. 212–221.
12. Chen Menglei
, Gujin tushu jicheng (Encyclopedia of ancient and modern literature),
juan 309 (1726; Taibei: Dingwen, 1977), vol. 71, p. 2961.
13. Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 5, pt. 3, p. 209 n.
f.
14. Stanley E. Henning, “Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan,”
Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan R
esearch Association of Hawaii 2, no. 3 (Autumn/Winter 1994): 4–5.
15. Ibid.
16. Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 5, pt. 5, p. 169.330 China Review International: Vol. 6, No. 2, Fall 1999
© 1999
by University of Hawai‘i Press
17. Tiao Luzi ___,
Jueli ji ___ (Record of wrestling) (ca. 960; Hu Ting __,
Linlang mishi congshu ______ [1815]).
18. Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 5, pt. 5, pp. 169–170; Giles, “The Home f
Jiujitsu,” pp. 137–138; Qi Jiguang,
Jixiao xinshu, p. 307.
19. Shen Shou __,
Taijiquanfa yanjiu ______ (Taijiquan methods research) (Fuzhou: Fujian Renmin Tiyu, 1984), p. 131: __”
20. Imamura Yoshio ____,
Nihon taikushi _____ (Japanese physical culture history) (Tokyo: Fumido Shuppan, 1970), pp. 157–158.
21. Zheng Ruozeng ___,
Jiangnan jinglue ____ (Strategic situation in Jiangnan),
juan 8
shang, pp. 3b–4a, in
Qinding sikuquanshu ______, vols. 179–181 (ca. 1568; Taibei: Taiwan Shangwu, 1971); Liu Shuangsong _, ed.,
Xinban zengbu tianxia bianyong wenlin iaojin wanbao quanshu (New, revised, easy-to-use . . .
complete book of miscellany), Songlin Anzhengtang Liu Shuangsong Engraved Edition
_(1612; Harvard-Yenching Library),
juan 7, 1a–9b;
Zhu mingjia hexuan zengbu
wanbao quanshu(Revised complete book of miscellany: Combined selections made by famous persons) (1746; Harvard-Yenching Library),
juan 13, pp. 4a–9a.
22. Wu Yu and Jiang An __, “Chen Yuanyun, Shaolin quanfa, Riben roudao” __
(Chen Yuanyun, Shaolin boxing, and Japanese jûdô),
Wuhun (1986): 17–19.
23. Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 5, pt. 5, p. 170; Zhang Kongzhao _,
Quanjing quanfa beiyao ______ (Boxing classic: Essential boxing methods), Miaoyuancongshu ____ (1784; Taibei: Academia Sinica, Fu Sinian Library, 1900).
24. Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 5, pt. 6, p. 28 n.
a.
25. Ibid., p. 87 n.
b.
26. Charles Holcombe, “The Daoist Origins of the Chinese Martial Arts,”
Journal of Asian Martial Arts 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 10–25.
27. Lu Gwei-Djen and Joseph Needham,
Celestial Lancets: Acupuncture and Moxibustion
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 302 n.
c.
28. Ibid., p. 307 n.
c.
29. Ibid. Their main sources are
Bruce A. Haines,
Karate’s History and Traditions (Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1968), pp. 305 n.
c, 306 n.
h, 307 nn.
b,
d);
obert W. Smith,
Secrets of Shaolin Temple Boxing (Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1964),p. 305 nn.
b,
c; and Huang Wen-Shan,
Fundamentals of Tai Chi Ch’uan (South Sky BookCompany, 1974), pp. 306 n.
a, 307 n.
30. Ibid., p. 305; Tang Hao __,
Shaolin Wudang kao _____ (Shaolin Wudangresearch) (1930; Hong Kong: Unicorn Publishers, 1968).
31. Liu T’ieh-yun (Liu E),
The Travels of Lao Ts’an, trans. Harold Shadick (reprint, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1986), pp. 73, 247–248 nn. 3, 4; Li Ying’ang ed.,
Guben Shaolin zongfa tushuo ________ (Old volume illustrated explanation of Shaolin boxing methods) (n.d.; Hong Kong: Unicorn, 1968); Zun Wozhai Zhuren _____
(Master of the Studio of Self-respect),
Shaolin quanshu mijue ______ (Secrets of Shaolin boxing) (1915; 1936; reprint, Taibei: Zhonghua Wushu, 1971), critiques by Tang Hao and Xu Zhen (1936) appended.
32. Jonathan Kolatch and Jonathan David,
Sports, Politics and Ideology in China (New York: Middle Village, 1972).
33. Ibid., p. xvi; Jiang Shengzhang, ed.,
Book of Poetry, trans. Xu Yuanchong (Changsha: Hunan Press, 1995), p. 424: (Who is that knave on river’s border, Nor
strong nor brave, Root of disorder).
34. Huang zongxi ___,
Nanlei wending ____ (Nanlei’s definitive works) (Shanghai:
Zhonghua, 1936),
qianji 8, pp. 5a–6b; Stanley E. Henning, “Chinese Boxing: The Internal Versus External Schools in the Light of History and Theory,”
Journal of Asian Martial Arts 6, no. 3 (1997): 10–19.
35. Lu and Needham,
Celestial Lancets: Acupuncture and Moxibustion, p. 306 n.
e.
36. Ibid., p. 306.
37. Zhang Jue,
Wu-Yue Chunqiu quanyi; Wu Shu __,
Shoubei lu ___ (Record of the
arm) (ca. 1662),
fujuan xia, p. 9a, in
Zhihai __ (1846), vols. 33–40 (Dadong Shuju, 1935).
38. Anna Seidel, “A Taoist Immortal of the Late Ming Dynasty: Chang San-feng,” in William T. de Bary and The Conference on Ming Thought,
Self and Society in Ming Thought (New ork: Columbia University Press, 1970), p. 505.
39. Ibid., p. 517 n. 6; Henning, “Chinese Boxing,” pp. 10–19.
40. In Susan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu, eds.,
Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), see John Lagerwey, “The Pilgrimage to Wu-tang Shan,” pp.293–332 at p. 303, and Bernard Faure, “Relics and Flesh Bodies,” pp. 150–189.
41. Lu and Needham,
Science and Civilisation in China, p. 303, fig. 78.
42. Immanuel C. Y. Hsu,
The Rise of Modern China, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 128.
43. Qin Baoqi ___,
Fujian, Yunxiao Gaoqi—Tiandihui de faxiangdi (Fujian, Yunxiao, Gaoqi—The Heaven and Earth Society’s place of origin),
Qingshi yanjiu__ 11, no. 3 (1993): 36–46; Dian H. Murray and Qin Baoqi,
The Origins of the Tiandihui: The Chinese Triads in Legend and History (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994).
44. Susan Naquin,
Millenarian Rebellion in China (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976),
Shantung Rebellion: The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981), and “The Transmission of White Lotus Sectarianism in Late Imperial China,” in David Johnson, Andrew J. Nathan, and Evelyn S. Rawski,
Popular Culture in Late Imperial China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), pp. 255–291; Joseph W. Esherick,
The Origins of the Boxer Uprising (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), p. 357 n. 25.
45. Frederic Wakeman, Jr.,
Policing Shanghai 1927–
1937 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), p. 334 n. 78; Guojia Tiwei Wushu Yanjiuyuan, ed., (National Physical Culture and Sports Commission Martial Arts Research Institute),
Zhongguo wushu shi _ (Chinese martial arts history) (Beijing: Renmin Tiyu, 1997), pp. 332–336. 332 China Review International: Vol. 6, No. 2, Fall 1999
46. Douglas Wile,
Lost T’ai-chi Classics from the Ch’ing Dynasty (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996).
47. Stanley E. Henning, review of
Lost T’ai Chi Classics of the Late Ch’ing Dynasty by Douglas Wile,
China Review International 4, no. 2 (Fall 1997): 572–577.
48. Lu and Needham,
Celestial Lancets: Acupuncture and Moxibustion, p. 306 n.
e.a. Qi Jiguang ___,
Jixiao xinshu ____ [New book of effective discipline] [ca. 1561;1805],
ji 10,
juan 14, 3b; Zhang Haipeng ___,
Xuejin taoyuan ____.
b. Liu Shuangsong ___, ed.,
Xinban zengbu tianxia bianyong wenlin miaojin wanbao quanshu ________&'__*___ [New, revised easy-to-use . . . complete book of miscellany], Songlin Anzhengtang Liu Shuangsong Engraved Edition (1612; Harvard-Yenching Library),
juan 7, 8b. c. Zhang Kongzhao ___,
Quanjing quanfa beiyao ______ [Boxing classic: Essential boxing methods], Miaoyuan congshu ____ [ca. 1784; Taibei: Academia Sinica, Fu inian Library, 1900],
juan 1, 1a). This is the earliest extant reference to Shaolin Monastery as Chinese boxing’s place of origin, an exaggerated and unsubstantiated claim typical of what ight be expected in a preface. However, this does not deny the possibility that some of the material in this manual may actually have originated in the monastery (the manual was handwritten by Cao Huandou based on the oral transmission of Zhang Kongzhao, and the material likely comes from multiple sources over several generations).
49. Academia Encounters the Chinese Martial Arts
50. Bodhistava Warriors, Dukes
http://home.vtmuseum.org/articles/meng/truthrevealed.php
http://www.alljujitsu.com/kungfu.html
http://www.martialtalk.com/forum/showthread.php?t=72925
http://www.martialartsplanet.com/forums/showthread.php?t=77769&page=3
Shaolin-Part 1 - SpiritualMinds.com
Shaolin-Part 2 - SpiritualMinds.com
Shaolin Kung Fu: The Truth about Kung Fu History
Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan
http://www.spiritualminds.com/articles.asp?articleid=1886
http://www.spiritualminds.com/articles.asp?articleid=1833
http://www.e-budo.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5090
http://seinenkai.com/articles/henning/mythsofshaolin.pdf
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