The answr would depend upon many factors - the historical era, the section of Russia involved, and such.
Similar to all cultures - the everyday tools of farming and such could be pressed into combat mode. Sometimes the weapons captured from the invader became the tool of the warrior. The Mongol sword was used effectively at one time - the cruciform type sword of the crusade era was popular at another time. The shield was not only used defensively but also aggressively. The polearms -pike, mace and such - also commonly used, as was the spear and archery. The 'Rus', early Russians, used weapons that recalled their viking heritage.
Pretty much whatever was in vogue during the time period of Europe in question.
Overall though, the one common thread was the use of the knife, in many permutations, it was perhaps THE most common weapon through the history of Russian Martial Arts.