Steven Lee
Blue Belt
Taekkyeon is a wrestling with kicking in soft-contact. Even 1920's reputable newspaper recorded water-Taekkyeon is done by throwing the opponent.
https://i.imgur.com/dKf5yB5.jpg
Even today, Taekkyeon game is done by throwing opponent as well as kicking. Taekkyeon-Yetbub is a full contact street fighting game which hits with any body part including punching. Taekwondo is a mix of Chosun(Korean)-Gwonbeop (started 300 years ago by Korean Muyedobotongji textbook) gym & Karate gyms. However, Korea has had many other Fight Games, particularly street fighting games called Nalparam, Taekyun-Yetbub, Flag Fight (Gitssaum), Pyunssaum ("team-fight", "side-fight"), Sibak ("opponent-hitting"). In medieval Jaemulbo book, Sibak was recorded to be also Taekyun, which would mean also being included in Taekyun.
https://i.imgur.com/18PfntV.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
https://mookas.com/news/11305
"์๋ฐ์ '์๋ก ์น๋ ๊ฒ์ ์จ๋ฆ์ ์ผ์ข ์ธ๋ฐ ์ญ(ไบฆ) ํ๊ฒฌ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋์ด ์๋ค." Translation: "Sibak's recorded, 'hitting each other (Sibak) is a type of wrestling, this is also Taekkyeon'." "์๋ฐ? ๋ฏ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ด๋ค. ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌผ๋ณด์ ์๋ฐ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์๊ฐ๋๊ณ ์๋ ์กฐ์ ๊ณ ์ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ด์๋ค." Translation: "Sibak? It's an unfamiliar name. Above in Jaemulbo, it's a Korean martial art introduced together with Subak." Murayama Jijun recorded Baksi & Nanjangbaksi in 1941, which were quite different from Taekyun.
https://mookas.com/news/11150
"๊ฒฝ๋ถ๊ตฐ์๊ตฐ์ ๊ตฐ์ฌ(่ปๅฃซ)ํ๋ จ์ด์๋ ๋ฐ์(์ฌ๋ฌผ๋ณด์์ โ์๋ฐโ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง๋ค. 1941๋ , ๋ฌด๋ผ์ผ๋ง์ง์ค์ ๊ธ์๋ ์ธ๊ธ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์๋ฐฑ๋ช ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํ์งฑ์ ๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ก ์ด๊นจ๋ก ๋ฐ์ด ๋ถ์ฌ ์ง(้ณ)์ ๋ซ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋์ค์ ๋๋ค ์ํจ๋ค์ด ์ ์๋ก์ ๋ชจ์ฌ ๋์ฅ๋ฐ์๋ผ ํ๋ ํจ์ธ์์ ํ์๋ค)๋ฑ์ด ์์๋ค." Translation: Gyungbook military training Baksi, etc existed. Seems Sibak from Jaemulbo. 1941's Murayama Jijun also mentions this. Hundreds of people, arms locked, push each other with shoulders to penetrate formation. Later, town thugs gather on the road to do team street fighting called Nanjangbaksi." (Korean sometimes reverse the word order, like Baksi & Sibak.)
Taekkyeon has both Taekkyeon & Sibak in it; there are 2 sets of games in Taekkyeon; Sibak (Baksi, Nanjangbaksi street fighting) is Yetbub. Sibak, including Nanjangbaksi recorded by Murayama Jijun, is also Taekkyeon other than the regular Taekkyeon. There are also other old names & games other than Sibak, like Gitssaum (Flag Fight, this is a fist fighting game that also represents general Pyunssaum, Sibak, Taekkyeon-Yetbub), Nalparam, etc; they are all a form of Sibak ("opponent-hitting") & Pyunssaum ("team fight", "side fight") enjoyed by Taekkyeon population historically for gaming street fight. Other than 1927's reputable newspaper's Gitssaum (Flag Fight) fist-fighting pictures, an old Poongsokhwa drawing of Pyunssaum by (most likely) Gisan Joongeun Kim also helps identifying Taekyun Yetbub's moves.
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/8H88aDn.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/An_old_Poongsokhwa_drawing_of_Pyunssaum_by_%28most_likely%29_Gisan_Joongeun_Kim.png
In this old drawing, 2 teams are made, 1 team with red shirts and 1 team with black shirts. There are 2 games going on simultaneously. 1 game is Korean wrestling Ssireum; the other game is Pyunssaum punching & kicking, giving a visual understanding of Taekkyeon-Yetbub just like 1927's Gitssaum pictures. Yetbub is pyunssaum, Sibak which is also in Taekkyeon. Like the 1895's Prize Fight record, "the combatants generally fight with their fists, but, like the French, are much given to use their knees and feet as well in the contest."
https://i.imgur.com/i03RApC.png
Yetbub is basically street fighting in rules & postures. In 1927's Flag Fighting & 300 years old Korean Muyedobotongji Kwonbeop, shoulder-push is observed for punching front for extra mass, strength, speed.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DtgeqsmWwAE9by-.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
As for the texture of Korean strikes, Korean uses Yong which means stacking speed & power in the entire body including arms. Even Korean Ikmyung Yang's 1692's record of breaking a stone with hand strike used Yongryuk.
https://i.imgur.com/yJFsJWN.png
Horizontal fist is also observed for punching in 1927's Flag Fight, 100 years old Korean street fighting, 300 years old Muyedobotongji Gwonbub/Kwonbeop.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DtgdlTKW0AAkVDl.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/18PfntV.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
Taekkyeon Yetbub hits with such traits even today including in powerful punching (shoulder-push & Yong stacking speed, mass, power for horizontal-fist no-spin punching). Taekkyeon Yetbub's hand techniques have swings hitting front (& also hitting side such as jaw-breaking slap) as well as straight strikes including punching & frontal slap even today.
Like Subak had Subakdaeo club to train, Nalparam also had a club to train. "1935๋ 7์ 22์ผ์ ๋์์ผ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์. [ํ์]์ง๋ 17์ผ ํ์์์์๋ ๋ถ๋ด ์ฐฝ์ ๋ฆฌ์์ ์ฃผ์๋ถ์ ์ ํ๊ธฐํ, ์ด์ค ์ธ ์ญ์ด๋ช ์ ๊ฒ๊ฑฐํ์ผ ์์ค์ทจ์กฐ์ค์ด๋ผ๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ฝ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ ๋ถํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆผ๋ฆฌ(์ฐ๋ฆผ๋ฆฌ) ์ ๊ถ์ ๋ถ๊ทผ์์ ๋ถ๋๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฑ์์ญ์ฌ๋ช ์ ๋ชจ์๋ ธ์ฝ "๋ ํ๋์ด"(๋ง๋๋ ์ง์ด๋ ์๋ฏธ)๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ตํ๋ฉฐ". Translation: "Let's see 1935's July 22nd Dongailbo Newspaper. On the 17th, in Pyungyang's Changjeonli, Gihan Hyun, Oh Yi, etc 12 men were arrested and interrogated. They have gathered over a hundred thugs at Girimli (Sanlimli) Singoong's front, practicing Nalparami."
https://mookas.com/news/11199
https://mookas.com/news/11664
A direct interview with Dukgi Song was recorded in Munyejinheung by Bohyung Lee, published in 1984 by Munyejinheungwon on Volume 11 Number 1 page 67 (์ด๋ณดํ, ๋ฌธ์์งํฅ ์ 11๊ถ 1ํธ, ๋ฌธ์์งํฅ์, 1984.2, p.67, ์ด๋ณดํ์ด ์ก๋๊ธฐ ์น์๊ฒ ์ท๋กํ ๋ด์ฉ). "๋์๋์๋ '์ฅ์นผ'์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฅ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์ด ํค๋ ํฌ๊ณ ํ๋ ์ข๊ณ '๋ณต์ฅ์ง๋ฅด๊ธฐ', '๊ฐ์ด์น๊ธฐ'๋ฑ ํ๊ฒฌ์์จ๊ฐ ์ข์๋ค." Translation: "Nusangdong had a strongman named Jangkal. He was tall & strong; he was good at Taekyun techniques particularly Bokjangjireugi (Front Stomp Kick), Gaseumchigi (Frontal Chest Slap), etc." Dukgi Song testified directly about frontal slap in Taekkyeon. "์ด๋ณดํ์ด ์ก๋๊ธฐ ์น์๊ฒ ์ท๋กํ ๋ด์ฉ". Translation: "the content recorded by Bohyung Lee from direct interview with Dukgi Song."
http://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE014&cp_code=cp0406&index_id=cp04060046&content_id=cp040600460001
https://i.imgur.com/O85h9KH.jpg
The same interview & the same book (by Munyejinheungwon & Bohyung Lee, 1984, Munyejinheung Volume 11 Number 1 page 67) includes Dukgi Song's direct testimony how Taekyun Yetbub broke jaw with 1 slap to the jaw as well as his testimony how Taekkyeon had frontal chest slap. There are also online Taekkyeon articles on Taekkyeon Yetbub by the official Taekkyeon organizations.
https://mookas.com/news/8491
As a side note, slapping cheek is often thought as hitting side, but cheek or jaw is actually halfway frontal in about 45 degrees, not 90 degrees at side like ears. Also, hook and swing are two different motions; hook isn't really used for slapping cheek. Furthermore, sports create techniques & motions; they evolve & add motions not from everyday-life (explicit proofs have to check such). Also, whether hitting 45 degrees, 0 degrees or 90 degrees from the front, shoulder-push & Yong stacking speed, power, mass doesn't change for hand strike; the strike techniques are the same. Taekyun & Subak techniques are consistent in authenticity. Subak had swing slaps hitting front (frontal slap), straight slaps, punches already at the ancient time; Taekkyeon also had all those in the medieval times already. Straight slaps are also common in everyday-life anyway such as swatting, spanking. There are authoritative explicit proofs for Taekkyeon, Taekkyeon-Yetbub, Subak moves from the older eras by reputable sources.
https://i.imgur.com/dKf5yB5.jpg
Even today, Taekkyeon game is done by throwing opponent as well as kicking. Taekkyeon-Yetbub is a full contact street fighting game which hits with any body part including punching. Taekwondo is a mix of Chosun(Korean)-Gwonbeop (started 300 years ago by Korean Muyedobotongji textbook) gym & Karate gyms. However, Korea has had many other Fight Games, particularly street fighting games called Nalparam, Taekyun-Yetbub, Flag Fight (Gitssaum), Pyunssaum ("team-fight", "side-fight"), Sibak ("opponent-hitting"). In medieval Jaemulbo book, Sibak was recorded to be also Taekyun, which would mean also being included in Taekyun.
https://i.imgur.com/18PfntV.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
https://mookas.com/news/11305
"์๋ฐ์ '์๋ก ์น๋ ๊ฒ์ ์จ๋ฆ์ ์ผ์ข ์ธ๋ฐ ์ญ(ไบฆ) ํ๊ฒฌ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋์ด ์๋ค." Translation: "Sibak's recorded, 'hitting each other (Sibak) is a type of wrestling, this is also Taekkyeon'." "์๋ฐ? ๋ฏ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ด๋ค. ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌผ๋ณด์ ์๋ฐ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์๊ฐ๋๊ณ ์๋ ์กฐ์ ๊ณ ์ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ด์๋ค." Translation: "Sibak? It's an unfamiliar name. Above in Jaemulbo, it's a Korean martial art introduced together with Subak." Murayama Jijun recorded Baksi & Nanjangbaksi in 1941, which were quite different from Taekyun.
https://mookas.com/news/11150
"๊ฒฝ๋ถ๊ตฐ์๊ตฐ์ ๊ตฐ์ฌ(่ปๅฃซ)ํ๋ จ์ด์๋ ๋ฐ์(์ฌ๋ฌผ๋ณด์์ โ์๋ฐโ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง๋ค. 1941๋ , ๋ฌด๋ผ์ผ๋ง์ง์ค์ ๊ธ์๋ ์ธ๊ธ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์๋ฐฑ๋ช ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํ์งฑ์ ๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ก ์ด๊นจ๋ก ๋ฐ์ด ๋ถ์ฌ ์ง(้ณ)์ ๋ซ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋์ค์ ๋๋ค ์ํจ๋ค์ด ์ ์๋ก์ ๋ชจ์ฌ ๋์ฅ๋ฐ์๋ผ ํ๋ ํจ์ธ์์ ํ์๋ค)๋ฑ์ด ์์๋ค." Translation: Gyungbook military training Baksi, etc existed. Seems Sibak from Jaemulbo. 1941's Murayama Jijun also mentions this. Hundreds of people, arms locked, push each other with shoulders to penetrate formation. Later, town thugs gather on the road to do team street fighting called Nanjangbaksi." (Korean sometimes reverse the word order, like Baksi & Sibak.)
Taekkyeon has both Taekkyeon & Sibak in it; there are 2 sets of games in Taekkyeon; Sibak (Baksi, Nanjangbaksi street fighting) is Yetbub. Sibak, including Nanjangbaksi recorded by Murayama Jijun, is also Taekkyeon other than the regular Taekkyeon. There are also other old names & games other than Sibak, like Gitssaum (Flag Fight, this is a fist fighting game that also represents general Pyunssaum, Sibak, Taekkyeon-Yetbub), Nalparam, etc; they are all a form of Sibak ("opponent-hitting") & Pyunssaum ("team fight", "side fight") enjoyed by Taekkyeon population historically for gaming street fight. Other than 1927's reputable newspaper's Gitssaum (Flag Fight) fist-fighting pictures, an old Poongsokhwa drawing of Pyunssaum by (most likely) Gisan Joongeun Kim also helps identifying Taekyun Yetbub's moves.
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/8H88aDn.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/An_old_Poongsokhwa_drawing_of_Pyunssaum_by_%28most_likely%29_Gisan_Joongeun_Kim.png
In this old drawing, 2 teams are made, 1 team with red shirts and 1 team with black shirts. There are 2 games going on simultaneously. 1 game is Korean wrestling Ssireum; the other game is Pyunssaum punching & kicking, giving a visual understanding of Taekkyeon-Yetbub just like 1927's Gitssaum pictures. Yetbub is pyunssaum, Sibak which is also in Taekkyeon. Like the 1895's Prize Fight record, "the combatants generally fight with their fists, but, like the French, are much given to use their knees and feet as well in the contest."
https://i.imgur.com/i03RApC.png
Yetbub is basically street fighting in rules & postures. In 1927's Flag Fighting & 300 years old Korean Muyedobotongji Kwonbeop, shoulder-push is observed for punching front for extra mass, strength, speed.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DtgeqsmWwAE9by-.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
As for the texture of Korean strikes, Korean uses Yong which means stacking speed & power in the entire body including arms. Even Korean Ikmyung Yang's 1692's record of breaking a stone with hand strike used Yongryuk.
https://i.imgur.com/yJFsJWN.png
Horizontal fist is also observed for punching in 1927's Flag Fight, 100 years old Korean street fighting, 300 years old Muyedobotongji Gwonbub/Kwonbeop.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DtgdlTKW0AAkVDl.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/18PfntV.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/jaTY5Zr.jpg
Taekkyeon Yetbub hits with such traits even today including in powerful punching (shoulder-push & Yong stacking speed, mass, power for horizontal-fist no-spin punching). Taekkyeon Yetbub's hand techniques have swings hitting front (& also hitting side such as jaw-breaking slap) as well as straight strikes including punching & frontal slap even today.
Like Subak had Subakdaeo club to train, Nalparam also had a club to train. "1935๋ 7์ 22์ผ์ ๋์์ผ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์. [ํ์]์ง๋ 17์ผ ํ์์์์๋ ๋ถ๋ด ์ฐฝ์ ๋ฆฌ์์ ์ฃผ์๋ถ์ ์ ํ๊ธฐํ, ์ด์ค ์ธ ์ญ์ด๋ช ์ ๊ฒ๊ฑฐํ์ผ ์์ค์ทจ์กฐ์ค์ด๋ผ๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ฝ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ ๋ถํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆผ๋ฆฌ(์ฐ๋ฆผ๋ฆฌ) ์ ๊ถ์ ๋ถ๊ทผ์์ ๋ถ๋๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฑ์์ญ์ฌ๋ช ์ ๋ชจ์๋ ธ์ฝ "๋ ํ๋์ด"(๋ง๋๋ ์ง์ด๋ ์๋ฏธ)๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ตํ๋ฉฐ". Translation: "Let's see 1935's July 22nd Dongailbo Newspaper. On the 17th, in Pyungyang's Changjeonli, Gihan Hyun, Oh Yi, etc 12 men were arrested and interrogated. They have gathered over a hundred thugs at Girimli (Sanlimli) Singoong's front, practicing Nalparami."
https://mookas.com/news/11199
https://mookas.com/news/11664
A direct interview with Dukgi Song was recorded in Munyejinheung by Bohyung Lee, published in 1984 by Munyejinheungwon on Volume 11 Number 1 page 67 (์ด๋ณดํ, ๋ฌธ์์งํฅ ์ 11๊ถ 1ํธ, ๋ฌธ์์งํฅ์, 1984.2, p.67, ์ด๋ณดํ์ด ์ก๋๊ธฐ ์น์๊ฒ ์ท๋กํ ๋ด์ฉ). "๋์๋์๋ '์ฅ์นผ'์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฅ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์ด ํค๋ ํฌ๊ณ ํ๋ ์ข๊ณ '๋ณต์ฅ์ง๋ฅด๊ธฐ', '๊ฐ์ด์น๊ธฐ'๋ฑ ํ๊ฒฌ์์จ๊ฐ ์ข์๋ค." Translation: "Nusangdong had a strongman named Jangkal. He was tall & strong; he was good at Taekyun techniques particularly Bokjangjireugi (Front Stomp Kick), Gaseumchigi (Frontal Chest Slap), etc." Dukgi Song testified directly about frontal slap in Taekkyeon. "์ด๋ณดํ์ด ์ก๋๊ธฐ ์น์๊ฒ ์ท๋กํ ๋ด์ฉ". Translation: "the content recorded by Bohyung Lee from direct interview with Dukgi Song."
http://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE014&cp_code=cp0406&index_id=cp04060046&content_id=cp040600460001
https://i.imgur.com/O85h9KH.jpg
The same interview & the same book (by Munyejinheungwon & Bohyung Lee, 1984, Munyejinheung Volume 11 Number 1 page 67) includes Dukgi Song's direct testimony how Taekyun Yetbub broke jaw with 1 slap to the jaw as well as his testimony how Taekkyeon had frontal chest slap. There are also online Taekkyeon articles on Taekkyeon Yetbub by the official Taekkyeon organizations.
https://mookas.com/news/8491
As a side note, slapping cheek is often thought as hitting side, but cheek or jaw is actually halfway frontal in about 45 degrees, not 90 degrees at side like ears. Also, hook and swing are two different motions; hook isn't really used for slapping cheek. Furthermore, sports create techniques & motions; they evolve & add motions not from everyday-life (explicit proofs have to check such). Also, whether hitting 45 degrees, 0 degrees or 90 degrees from the front, shoulder-push & Yong stacking speed, power, mass doesn't change for hand strike; the strike techniques are the same. Taekyun & Subak techniques are consistent in authenticity. Subak had swing slaps hitting front (frontal slap), straight slaps, punches already at the ancient time; Taekkyeon also had all those in the medieval times already. Straight slaps are also common in everyday-life anyway such as swatting, spanking. There are authoritative explicit proofs for Taekkyeon, Taekkyeon-Yetbub, Subak moves from the older eras by reputable sources.